Dating back to the Middle Ages, Chalais once held the title of barony. In the early 13th century, the children of Olivier de Chalais resided in the city where they were endowed with royal titles. During the Hundred Years' War, Chalais was one of the last fortresses under English ownership. The city was sacked and left in ruins one month before the war's end.
Des Miones, Following the American Indian settlement along the Des Moines and Racoon Rivers, early Americans claimed the region where in 1843 a fort was established. By 1850 the city of Des Moines was incorporated. The population lagged until shortly after the Civil War.
Malta, EU, 2016, Jeanette Lamb
