Spain has a long and rich history, dating back to the Paleolithic period. It has been home to many different cultures, including the Celts, Romans, Visigoths, and Moors. During the Middle Ages, Spain was divided into several kingdoms, and its borders shifted frequently. In 1492, the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, unified the country, and the Spanish Empire was born. During the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain was one of the most powerful empires in the world, with vast territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. During this period, the Spanish Inquisition was established and the Spanish Golden Age began. The 18th century saw a decline in Spanish power, and in the 19th century, the country was occupied by Napoleon's forces. In the 20th century, Spain experienced a civil war and a period of dictatorship. In the late 1970s, Spain transitioned to democracy, and in 1986, it joined the European Union. Today, Spain is a vibrant and diverse country, with a rich culture and a vibrant economy.